BIAS AND CONFOUNDINGNigel PanethHYPOTHESIS FORMULATION AND ERRORS IN RESEARCH All analytic studies must begin with a clearly formulated hypothesis. The hypothesis must be quantitative and specific.

Click to edit Master title styleClick to edit Master text stylesSecond LevelThird LevelFourth LevelFifth LevelCONFOUNDINGDEFINITION: A third variable (not the exposure or oue variable of interest

Errors In Epidemiologic StudiesConfounding Dr. Sherine ShawkyLearning ObjectivesUnderstand the concept of confoundingRecognize the methods to prevent confounding Know the methods to evaluate the i

Bias Confounding and Fallacies in EpidemiologyM. Tevfik DORAKExamplesRemediesFALLACIESDefinition(Effect Modification)Bias is one of the three major threats to internal validity:Bias ConfoundingRando