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  Text 1The engineering department designs, produces, and tests the first model of a new product These first models are called prototypes In the engineering department, scientists conduct tests and ex

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  Text 1Alloy steels contain significant amounts of alloying elements Structural-grade alloy steels, as identified by ASYM specifications，are used mainly in the construction and transportation Industr

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  Text 1A mill is versatile machine tool which is useful for machining the rough surface of a work piece flat and smooth and for shaping them with slots, and holes The work piece is held by a vise on

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  Text 1The marketing department conducts market research and advertises, packages, sells, and distributes the product Market researchers do surveys to see what consumers want, if they like their prod

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  Text 1The selection of a cutting fluid should also include considerations such as its potential effect on workpiece material and machine tools, biological factors, and environmental factorsBiologica

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  Text 1Four general types of cutting fluids aremonly used in machining operations: oils, emulsions, semisynthetics, and syntheticsAn emulsion is admixture of two immiscible liquids (usually of oi

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  Text 1Low-melting alloys are so named because of their relatively low melting points The major metals in this category are lead, zinc, and tin and their alloys Lead (Pb) has properties of high densi

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  Text 1Metals are found everywhere in our life They are classified into two categories, “ferrous” and “non-ferrous” metals Ferrous means relating to, or containing iron and non-ferrous means having n

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  Text 1Manufacturing gives jobs to people and makes the products consumers need Manufacturingpanies hire people with many types of skills and talents to help thepaniespete well in the wor

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  Text 1Materials differ widely in physical properties, machinability characteristics, methods of forming, and possible service lifeMechanical materials fall into two basic types: metallic or non-meta